Oil-furnace.



JOHN W. LEWELLEN, OF RIDAL, PENNSYLVANIA.

OIL-nummers.

recarsi.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 31, 1918.

Application led February 26, 1918. Serial No. 219,274.

To all whom t may concer/n.:

Be it known that I, JOHN W. Lnwnmnir, a citizen of the United States, residlng 1n Ridal, Montgomer county, Pennsylvania, have invented the VIginproyement in G11- Furnaces, of which the following is a speclication.

One object of this Yinvention is to provide a relatively simple, compact and substantial form of burner which shall include such an arrangement of parts as will cause perfect combustion of liquid fuel and which shall be so constructed as to be available for use in connection with forges, ovens, kilns, hot water and steam plants, or in fact for any use requiring a high degree of heat and the continued and eiiicient maintenance of relatively high temperatures.

It is further desired to provlde an oil burnin device with novel means for 1nsuring intimate contact between the air and gasied fuel with a view to securmg perfect combustion, the invention also contemplating certain detail improvements in the mounting, form and dispositlon of certain of the furnace parts.

These objects and other advantageous ends l. attain as hereinafter set forth, reference bein had to the accompanying drawings, Iin whii- Figure 1 is a side elevation of a furnace or burner constructed in accordance wlth my invention;

Fig. 2 isa central vertical section on a larger scale than Fig. 1, further illustratlng the detail construction of the burner;

Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of the deflector for I,setting up a rotary movement of the air supplied to my burner; and

Fig. At is a fragmenta vertlcal section illustrating a slightly mo ified form of refractory top.

In the above drawings, 1 represents a supporting frame which may be of any suitable construction and which in the present 1nstance is shown as engaging the outwardly projecting flange of al flat ring 2 constituting the top of the furnace caslng. Thls latter consists of a cylindrical body 3 preferably of sheet metal and a bottom member 4 formed by a flattened conical casting having a central flanged inlet 5 to which is connected the delivery pipe 6 of a blower l. The latter may be of any form lsuitable for supplying air under relatlvely low pressure and the conduit 6 has in` it a damper 8 whereby the How of such air may be regulated, although obviously, such regulation may be accomplished by other means such as regulation of the speed of said blower.

The bottom and top members 4 and 2 with the casing body 3 are held together by a suitable number of vertically extending bolts 9 and while the heated products of combustion escaping from the casing may be directed in any of a number of ways to a point of use, I have illustrated one device for accomplishing the desired end which I have found practlcal and efficient. This consists of a hollow refractory structure 10 having a horizontal passage 11 extending through its body and communicating with a downwardly opening inlet 12. Said structure 10 is mounted upon and in the present instance, is supported by the ring 2 of the furnace casing and has a downwardly extending portion 13 fitting into and through said lring for maintainin the inlet opening 12 centrally of said casing.l Said portion also serves to some extent to direct the air and hot gases of combustion down into a fuel pan 18 and if desired it may be vertically extended down to within a short distance of the same as ,shown at 35 (Fig. 4) so that the air is compelled to pass into the said pan instead of in a direct line to the passage 12.

Within the casing and supported upon the bottom member 4 thereof is a deilector structure 14 consisting of a series of curved vanes extended spirally outward from and arranged at equal distances around the lower end of a central conduit 15, which is -mounted in and extends upwardly from the bottom of a pan or shallow container 16 from whose bottom said vanes project downwardly. The defiector 14 is so proportioned that the outer ends of its blades are spaced some distance away from the inner wall of the 'casing body 3 and the arrangement is such that the air delivered to the casing through the inlet 5 divides, part passing vertically upward throu h the conduit 15 and the greater portion owing outward in the spiral paths defined by the vanes to the annular space around the same, in which `they flow upwardly.

Mounted upon and substantially concentric with the pan 16 (which may merely contain non-circulating air or may be filled with a non-conductor of heat such as asbestos or mineral wool) is a second and preferably deeper pan 17 having an upwardly flanged central opening for the passage of the conduit 15 which terminates at or immediately adjacent the plane or the top of this second pan. This latter has mounted within its upper portion a third pan 18 which'like it, has a central opening provided with a flange fitting over the flange 19 and terminating in the plane including the top of said pan 17.

This third pan 18 has a circular depression or channel 2O formed in its bottom portion concentrically with the conduit 15, for the reception and distribution of the oil or other liquid fuel delivered through a supply pipe 21, which enters the top of the casing from any suitable source.- -A valve 2,2 is connected in this pipe for regulatin the flow of fuel therethrough and the rapi distribution of the fuel to all parts of the pan 18 is assured by reason of the narrow channel 2O into which said supply pipe disv charges directly. The fuel pan preferably has projecting up .from its bottom one more series of concentrically arranged vanes or wings 36 designed to be heated by the flame of burning oil and to transfer the heat so received to the pan structure. Said pan 18 may be leveled relatively to and independently of the remainder of the structure by suitable leveling screws 23 extending through the bottom of the pan 17 and out through the casing structure, so that even though the furnace as a whole may vnot be accurately set, it is possible to accurately adjust the position of the pan 18 so that the oil delivered thereto will be uniformly distributed over its bottom.

A spider or other suitable open supporting structure 24 is mounted in the upper part of the conduit 15 in position to receive the threaded spindle 25 of a circular deflecting plate 26 carried upon its top in such position that air passing upwardly through said conduit is directed downwardly from the center of the pan 18 over the inner parts thereof toward the outer portions. As shown in Fig. 2 the inwardly extending portion 13 of the refractory structure 10 or the part 35 of Fig. 4, is spaced a short distance away from the top of the pan 18 so that the upwardly flowing body of air around the outside of the p an 17 is deflected downwardly and inwardly over said pan 18 from the outer portion thereof toward the cent/er, it being noted moreover that this air has a more or less violent rotary movement imparted to it by reason of its engagement with the curved vanes of the deflector 14.

The pan 17 is provided with a substantially radial groove 27 extending downwardly from its inner portion to its outer wall, for the reception of any liquid which .with the resulting production of highly liquid fuel 1s supplied to thepan 18 through the pipe 21 and airl under pressure -is delivered at .what may be found to be the proper rate, by operation of the fan or blower 7. The oil in the pan 18 is i ited by any suitable means and the air or its combustion is delivered from the conduit 6 between the casing body 3 and the outside of the pan 17 as well as through the conduit 15. As above noted, the outer portion of this air has the rotary movement above indicated and upon meeting the downwardly and outwardly deflected body of air vdelivered through the conduit 15 is most intimately mixed with the vapor arising from the fuel in the third pan 18 so that. this is burnt in the most' perfect manner heated gases which. pass through the opening 12 into and out of the passage 11 of the refractory structure 10. It will of course be understood that when the device is in operation the pan 18 becomes highly heated 95 not only from the hot gases but also by the heat conducted to it by the wings 36 so that the fuel delivered thereto is rapidly vaporized. Inv order however, to prevent the cooling of this pan by the incoming currents of air, it is insulated by the dead air space between it and the bottom of the pan 17. This latter pan may be further insulated by the pan 16 which merely contains noncirculating air or, as shown, contains some non-conductor of heat such as mineral wool, asbestos or the like.

Obviously the highly heated p roducts of combustion from my furnace may be directed or delivered in any manner suitable to the work to be performed by them, and the relative amounts of air and -fuel delivered may be accurately regulated. by the damper 8 and the valve 22 in order that perfect combustion of the fuel will occur.

I claim:

1. The combination in a burner of a casing; a fuel pan having an air conduit therethrough and mounted with its sides spaced away from those of said casing to provide an air passage; means for delivering liquid fuel to said pan; means for causing air under pressure to simultaneously flow up through the conduit and through said passage; with means for directing the air current from the Passage and also that from the conduit to cause them to flow laterally over the top of said pan,

2. The combination in a burner of a casing; a fuel pan spaced away from the walls of the casing to provide an air passage; means for delivering fuel to the pan; means Afor delivering air under pressure to the lower part of the casing; and a delector mounted in the casing under the pan for causing the air delivered from said means` in the bottom pan positioned to prevent conduction of heat thereto from said top pan; and means for delivering air under pressure to the lower part of the casing.

4. The combination in a burner of a casing; a plurality of superposed pans mounted in said casing-and spaced away from the vertical wall thereof; means for delivering l fuel to the top pan; and means for delivering air under pressure to the lower part of.'

the casing; with a conduit passing centrally through the pans for conducting air to the central part of the top pan..

5. The combination in a burner of ,a casing; a plurality of superposed pans mounted in said casing and spaced away from the vertical wall thereof; means for delivering fuel to the top pan; means for delivering air under pressure to the lower part of the casing; a conduit passing through the pans for conducting air to the central part of the top pan; and a'deflector mounted adjacent the lower end of said conduit for im arting a rotary movement to the air flowing between the pans and the wall of the casing.

6. The combination in a burner ofa casing.; means for delivering air under pressure to the interior of the casing; two pans mounted in the casing and spaced awayfrom the wall thereof, the top pan being spaced away from the bottom of the lower pan to provide a dead air space; means for delivering fuel to the top pan; with a heat insulating medium mounted under the lower an. v-.'

p 7. The combination of a casing; a fuel pan mounted therein and spaced away from the wall of the casing; a conduit extending through said fuel pan; means for delivering fuel to the pan; a deflector mounted above said conduit for directing airover the pan; and a source delivering air to the conduit and to the space surrounding the pan.

8. The combination of a casing; a fuel pan mounted therein and spaced away from the wall of the casing; a conduit extending through said fuel pan; means for delivering fuel to the pan; a deilector mounted above said conduit for directingl air over the pan; a source delivering air to the conduit and to the space surrounding the pan; with a series of spiral vanes mounted under the pan in positionvto impart a rotary movement to the air flowing u wardly past the sides thereof.

9, The com ination in a burner of acasing; a fuel pan therein; means for delivering fuel to the pan; a source for delivering lair under pressure to the bottom of the casing; means for preventing conduction of heat from the bottom of the pan to the air from said source; and a structure for im'- parting rotary `movement to the air as it passes from the source to the sides of the an. p 10. The combination in a burner of a casing; means for delivering air under pressure to the lower part thereof; a hollow refra tory gas directing structure mounted on the casing and having an opening thereinto; a fuel pan mounted in the casing below said opening and spaced away from the wall of the casing and also from said refractoryy structure; means for delivering fuel to the pan; and a conduit passing through the pan and receiving air from the lower part of the casing.

In witness whereof l affix my signature,

JOHN W. LEWELLEN 

